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Comment enregistrer l'écran de l'utilisateur

François Beaufort

Il est possible de partager des onglets, des fenêtres et des écrans sur la plate-forme Web avec l'API Capture d'écran. La méthode getDisplayMedia() permet à l'utilisateur de sélectionner un écran à capturer en tant que flux multimédia. Ce flux peut ensuite être enregistré avec l'API MediaRecorder ou partagé avec d'autres utilisateurs sur le réseau. L'enregistrement peut être sauvegardé dans un fichier local via la méthode showOpenFilePicker().

L'exemple ci-dessous montre comment enregistrer l'écran de l'utilisateur au format WebM, prévisualiser localement sur la même page et sauvegarder l'enregistrement dans le système de fichiers de l'utilisateur.

let stream;
let recorder;

shareScreenButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  // Prompt the user to share their screen.
  stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getDisplayMedia();
  recorder = new MediaRecorder(stream);
  // Preview the screen locally.
  video.srcObject = stream;
});

stopShareScreenButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  // Stop the stream.
  stream.getTracks().forEach(track => track.stop());
  video.srcObject = null;
});

startRecordButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  // For the sake of more legible code, this sample only uses the
  // `showSaveFilePicker()` method. In production, you need to
  // cater for browsers that don't support this method, as
  // outlined in https://web.dev/patterns/files/save-a-file/.

  // Prompt the user to choose where to save the recording file.
  const suggestedName = "screen-recording.webm";
  const handle = await window.showSaveFilePicker({ suggestedName });
  const writable = await handle.createWritable();

  // Start recording.
  recorder.start();
  recorder.addEventListener("dataavailable", async (event) => {
    // Write chunks to the file.
    await writable.write(event.data);
    if (recorder.state === "inactive") {
      // Close the file when the recording stops.
      await writable.close();
    }
  });
});

stopRecordButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  // Stop the recording.
  recorder.stop();
});

Prise en charge des navigateurs

MediaDevices.getDisplayMedia()

Navigateurs pris en charge

Source

API MediaRecorder

Navigateurs pris en charge

47
79
25
14.1

Source

ShowSaveFilePicker() de l'API File System Access

Navigateurs pris en charge

Source

Complément d'informations

Démonstration

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <link
      rel="icon"
      href="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 100 100%22><text y=%22.9em%22 font-size=%2290%22>🖥️</text></svg>"
    />
    <title>How to record the user's screen</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>How to record the user's screen</h1>
    <button id="startShareScreenButton">Start sharing screen</button>
    <button id="stopShareScreenButton" disabled>Stop sharing screen</button>
    <button id="startRecordButton" disabled>Start recording</button>
    <button id="stopRecordButton" disabled>Stop recording</button>
    <video autoplay muted playsinline></video>
    <pre id="logs"></pre>
  </body>
</html>

CSS


        :root {
  color-scheme: dark light;
}
html {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
*,
*:before,
*:after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}
body {
  margin: 1rem;
  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
}
button {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
video {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  max-width: 100%;
  background: black;
  max-height: 480px;
}
pre {
  color: red;
  white-space: pre-line;
}

JS


        const video = document.querySelector('video');
const startShareScreenButton = document.querySelector('#startShareScreenButton');
const stopShareScreenButton = document.querySelector('#stopShareScreenButton');
const startRecordButton = document.querySelector('#startRecordButton');
const stopRecordButton = document.querySelector('#stopRecordButton');

let stream;
let recorder;

startShareScreenButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  // Prompt the user to share their screen.
  stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getDisplayMedia();
  recorder = new MediaRecorder(stream);
  // Preview the screen locally.
  video.srcObject = stream;

  startRecordButton.disabled = false;
  stopShareScreenButton.disabled = false;
  log("Your screen is being shared.");
});

stopShareScreenButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  // Stop the stream.
  stream.getTracks().forEach(track => track.stop());
  video.srcObject = null;

  stopShareScreenButton.disabled = true;
  startRecordButton.disabled = true;
  stopRecordButton.disabled = true;
  log("Your screen is not shared anymore.");
});

startRecordButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
  // For the sake of more legible code, this sample only uses the
  // `showSaveFilePicker()` method. In production, you need to
  // cater for browsers that don't support this method, as
  // outlined in https://web.dev/patterns/files/save-a-file/.

  // Prompt the user to choose where to save the recording file.
  const suggestedName = "screen-recording.webm";
  const handle = await window.showSaveFilePicker({ suggestedName });
  const writable = await handle.createWritable();

  // Start recording.
  recorder.start();
  recorder.addEventListener("dataavailable", async (event) => {
    // Write chunks to the file.
    await writable.write(event.data);
    if (recorder.state === "inactive") {
      // Close the file when the recording stops.
      await writable.close();
    }
  });

  stopRecordButton.disabled = false;
  log("Your screen is being recorded locally.");
});

stopRecordButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  // Stop the recording.
  recorder.stop();

  stopRecordButton.disabled = true;
  log("Your screen has been successfully recorded locally.");
});