有時候,您會希望應用程式的使用者選擇一位聯絡人,以便透過電子郵件或即時通訊應用程式傳送訊息,或是找出哪些聯絡人已加入社交平台。
現代做法
使用 Contact Picker API
如要取得通訊錄中的聯絡人,您必須使用 Contact Picker API,這個 API 可讓使用者從聯絡人清單中選取項目,並將所選項目的有限詳細資料提供給您的應用程式。我們提供 name
、email
、tel
、address
和 icon
等多種屬性。如要瞭解具體支援的屬性,請呼叫 navigator.contacts.getProperties()
。如要讓使用者選取多個聯絡人,請將 {multiple: true}
傳遞做為 navigator.contacts.select()
的第二個參數。
Android 版 Chrome 80 以上版本才可使用 Contact Picker API。
經典風格
使用一般格式
另一種做法是使用一般表單,讓使用者輸入聯絡人的詳細資料。
漸進式增強
如果支援 Contact Picker API,請隱藏靜態表單欄位,並改為顯示挑選器按鈕。
const button = document.querySelector('button');
const name = document.querySelector('.name');
const address = document.querySelector('.address');
const email = document.querySelector('.email');
const tel = document.querySelector('.tel');
const pre = document.querySelector('pre');
const autofills = document.querySelectorAll('.autofill');
if ('contacts' in navigator) {
button.hidden = false;
for (const autofill of autofills) {
autofill.parentElement.style.display = 'none';
}
address.parentElement.style.display = 'block';
button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
const props = ['name', 'email', 'tel', 'address'];
const opts = { multiple: false };
try {
const [contact] = await navigator.contacts.select(props, opts);
name.value = contact.name;
address.value = contact.address;
tel.value = contact.tel;
email.value = contact.email;
} catch (err) {
pre.textContent = `${err.name}: ${err.message}`;
}
});
}
其他資訊
操作示範
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link
rel="icon"
href="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 100 100%22><text y=%22.9em%22 font-size=%2290%22>🎉</text></svg>"
/>
<title>How to access contacts from the address book</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>How to access contacts from the address book</h1>
<p>Ship your order as a present to a friend.</p>
<button hidden type="button">Open address book</button>
<pre></pre>
<label> Name <input class="name" autocomplete="name"></label>
<label hidden>Address <input class="address" required></label>
<label>Street <input class="autofill" autocomplete="address-line1" required></label>
<label>City <input class="autofill" autocomplete="address-level2" required></label>
<label>State / Province / Region (optional) <input class="autofill" autocomplete="address-level1"></label>
<label>ZIP / Postal code (optional) <input class="autofill" autocomplete="postal-code"></label>
<label>Country <input class="autofill" autocomplete="country"></label>
<label>Email<input class="email" autocomplete="email"></label>
<label>Telephone<input class="tel" autocomplete="tel"></label>
</body>
</html>
CSS
html {
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
color-scheme: dark light;
}
*, *:before, *:after {
box-sizing: inherit;
}
body {
margin: 1rem;
}
input {
display: block;
margin-block-end: 1rem;
}
JS
const button = document.querySelector('button');
const name = document.querySelector('.name')
const address = document.querySelector('.address')
const email = document.querySelector('.email')
const tel = document.querySelector('.tel')
const pre = document.querySelector('pre')
const autofills = document.querySelectorAll('.autofill')
if ('contacts' in navigator) {
button.hidden = false;
for (const autofill of autofills) {
autofill.parentElement.style.display = 'none'
}
address.parentElement.style.display = 'block';
button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
const props = ['name', 'email', 'tel', 'address'];
const opts = {multiple: false};
try {
const [contact] = await navigator.contacts.select(props, opts);
name.value = contact.name;
address.value = contact.address;
tel.value = contact.tel
email.value = contact.email;
} catch (err) {
pre.textContent = `${err.name}: ${err.message}`
}
});
}