Dealing with files is one of the most common operations for apps on the web. Traditionally, users needed to upload a file, make some changes to it, and then download it again, resulting in a copy in the Downloads folder. With the File System Access API, users can now open files directly, make modifications, and save back the changes to the original file.
The modern way
Using the File System Access API's showSaveFilePicker() method
To save a file, call
showSaveFilePicker(),
which returns a promise with FileSystemFileHandle. You can pass the desired file name to the method as { suggestedName: 'example.txt' }.
The classic way
Using the <a download> element
The <a download> element on a page allows the user to click it and download
a file. The trick now consists of inserting the element invisibly into a page with JavaScript and clicking it programmatically.
Progressive enhancement
The method below uses the File System Access API when it's supported and else falls back to the classic approach. In both cases the function saves the file, but in case of where the File System Access API is supported, the user will get a file save dialog where they can choose where the file should be saved.
const saveFile = async (blob, suggestedName) => {
// Feature detection. The API needs to be supported
// and the app not run in an iframe.
const supportsFileSystemAccess =
'showSaveFilePicker' in window &&
(() => {
try {
return window.self === window.top;
} catch {
return false;
}
})();
// If the File System Access API is supported…
if (supportsFileSystemAccess) {
try {
// Show the file save dialog.
const handle = await showSaveFilePicker({
suggestedName,
});
// Write the blob to the file.
const writable = await handle.createWritable();
await writable.write(blob);
await writable.close();
return;
} catch (err) {
// Fail silently if the user has simply canceled the dialog.
if (err.name !== 'AbortError') {
console.error(err.name, err.message);
return;
}
}
}
// Fallback if the File System Access API is not supported…
// Create the blob URL.
const blobURL = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
// Create the `<a download>` element and append it invisibly.
const a = document.createElement('a');
a.href = blobURL;
a.download = suggestedName;
a.style.display = 'none';
document.body.append(a);
// Programmatically click the element.
a.click();
// Revoke the blob URL and remove the element.
setTimeout(() => {
URL.revokeObjectURL(blobURL);
a.remove();
}, 1000);
};
Further reading
Demo
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link
rel="icon"
href="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 100 100%22><text y=%22.9em%22 font-size=%2290%22>🎉</text></svg>"
/>
<title>How to save a file</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>How to save a file</h1>
<label
>Text to save
<textarea rows="3">
Some sample text for you to save. Feel free to edit this.</textarea
>
</label>
<label>File name <input class="text" value="example.txt" /></label>
<button class="text" type="button">Save text</button>
<label
>Image to save
<img
src="https://cdn.glitch.global/75170424-3d76-41d7-ae77-72d0efb0401b/AVIF%20Test%20picture%20(JPEG%20converted%20to%20AVIF%20with%20Convertio).avif?v=1658240752363"
alt="Blue flower."
width="630"
height="420"
/></label>
<label>File name <input class="img" value="example.avif" /></label>
<button class="img" type="button">Save image</button>
</body>
</html>CSS
:root {
color-scheme: dark light;
}
html {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
*,
*:before,
*:after {
box-sizing: inherit;
}
body {
margin: 1rem;
font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
}
img {
max-width: 320px;
height: auto;
}
label,
button,
textarea,
input,
img {
display: block;
margin-block: 1rem;
}
JS
const textarea = document.querySelector('textarea');
const textInput = document.querySelector('input.text');
const textButton = document.querySelector('button.text');
const img = document.querySelector('img');
const imgInput = document.querySelector('input.img');
const imgButton = document.querySelector('button.img');
const saveFile = async (blob, suggestedName) => {
// Feature detection. The API needs to be supported
// and the app not run in an iframe.
const supportsFileSystemAccess =
'showSaveFilePicker' in window &&
(() => {
try {
return window.self === window.top;
} catch {
return false;
}
})();
// If the File System Access API is supported…
if (supportsFileSystemAccess) {
try {
// Show the file save dialog.
const handle = await showSaveFilePicker({
suggestedName,
});
// Write the blob to the file.
const writable = await handle.createWritable();
await writable.write(blob);
await writable.close();
return;
} catch (err) {
// Fail silently if the user has simply canceled the dialog.
if (err.name !== 'AbortError') {
console.error(err.name, err.message);
return;
}
}
}
// Fallback if the File System Access API is not supported…
// Create the blob URL.
const blobURL = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
// Create the `` element and append it invisibly.
const a = document.createElement('a');
a.href = blobURL;
a.download = suggestedName;
a.style.display = 'none';
document.body.append(a);
// Click the element.
a.click();
// Revoke the blob URL and remove the element.
setTimeout(() => {
URL.revokeObjectURL(blobURL);
a.remove();
}, 1000);
};
textButton.addEventListener('click', async () => {
const blob = new Blob([textarea.value], { type: 'text/plain' });
await saveFile(blob, textInput.value);
});
imgButton.addEventListener('click', async () => {
const blob = await fetch(img.src).then((response) => response.blob());
await saveFile(blob, imgInput.value);
});