如何自定义媒体通知

François Beaufort
François Beaufort
GitHub

借助 Media Session API，网站可以告知用户浏览器中当前正在播放的内容，并允许用户控制该内容，而无需返回到启动该内容的网页。通过自定义媒体通知中的元数据、媒体事件（例如播放、暂停、搜索和轨道更改）可以自定义用户体验。这些自定义设置可在多种情境下使用，包括桌面媒体中心、移动设备上的媒体通知，甚至可穿戴设备。

Browser Support

  • Chrome: 73.
  • Edge: 79.
  • Firefox: 82.
  • Safari: 15.

Source

媒体会话上下文的屏幕截图。
桌面设备上的媒体中心、移动设备上的媒体通知和穿戴式设备。

当网站播放音频或视频时，用户会自动在移动设备的通知栏或桌面设备的媒体中心收到媒体通知。浏览器会尽力使用文档的标题和找到的最大图标图片来显示相应信息。借助媒体会话 API，您可以自定义媒体通知，添加一些更丰富的媒体元数据，例如标题、音乐人名称、专辑名称和专辑封面，如下所示。

媒体会话接口图示。
移动设备上的媒体通知剖析。

以下示例展示了如何创建自定义媒体通知并响应播放和暂停等基本媒体操作。

const video = document.querySelector("video");

navigator.mediaSession.metadata = new MediaMetadata({
  title: "Never Gonna Give You Up",
  artist: "Rick Astley",
  album: "Whenever You Need Somebody",
  artwork: [
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/96",  sizes: "96x96" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/128", sizes: "128x128" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/256", sizes: "256x256" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/512", sizes: "512x512" },
  ],
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("play", async () => {
  // Resume playback
  try {
    await video.play();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err.name, err.message);
  }
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("pause", () => {
  // Pause active playback
  video.pause();
});

video.addEventListener("play", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "playing";
});

video.addEventListener("pause", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "paused";
});

深入阅读

演示

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <link
      rel="icon"
      href="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 100 100%22><text y=%22.9em%22 font-size=%2290%22>📺</text></svg>"
    />
    <title>How to customize media notifications</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>How to customize media notifications</h1>
    <video controls playsinline src="https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/short.mp4"></video>
    <p>Credits: Media files are © copyright Blender Foundation | <a href="https://www.blender.org">www.blender.org</a>.</p>
  </body>
</html>

CSS


        :root {
  color-scheme: dark light;
}
html {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
*,
*:before,
*:after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}
body {
  margin: 1rem;
  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
}
video {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  max-width: 100%;
}

JS


        const video = document.querySelector("video");

navigator.mediaSession.metadata = new MediaMetadata({
  title: "Caminandes 2: Gran Dillama - Blender Animated Short",
  artist: "Blender Foundation",
  artwork: [
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-96.png",  sizes: "96x96" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-128.png", sizes: "128x128" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-256.png", sizes: "256x256" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-512.png", sizes: "512x512" },
  ],
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("play", async () => {
  // Resume playback
  try {
    await video.play();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err.name, err.message);
  }
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("pause", () => {
  // Pause active playback
  video.pause();
});

video.addEventListener("play", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "playing";
});

video.addEventListener("pause", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "paused";
});