JavaScript の Promise: 概要

var img1 = document.querySelector('.img-1');

img1.addEventListener('load', function() {
  // woo yey image loaded
});

img1.addEventListener('error', function() {
  // argh everything's broken
});

var img1 = document.querySelector('.img-1');

function loaded() {
  // woo yey image loaded
}

if (img1.complete) {
  loaded();
}
else {
  img1.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}

img1.addEventListener('error', function() {
  // argh everything's broken
});

img1.callThisIfLoadedOrWhenLoaded(function() {
  // loaded
}).orIfFailedCallThis(function() {
  // failed
});

// and…
whenAllTheseHaveLoaded([img1, img2]).callThis(function() {
  // all loaded
}).orIfSomeFailedCallThis(function() {
  // one or more failed
});

img1.ready()
.then(function() {
  // loaded
}, function() {
  // failed
});

// and…
Promise.all([img1.ready(), img2.ready()])
.then(function() {
  // all loaded
}, function() {
  // one or more failed
});

var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
  // do a thing, possibly async, then…

  if (/* everything turned out fine */) {
    resolve("Stuff worked!");
  }
  else {
    reject(Error("It broke"));
  }
});

promise.then(function(result) {
  console.log(result); // "Stuff worked!"
}, function(err) {
  console.log(err); // Error: "It broke"
});

var jsPromise = Promise.resolve($.ajax('/whatever.json'))

var jqDeferred = $.ajax('/whatever.json');

jqDeferred.then(function(response, statusText, xhrObj) {
  // ...
}, function(xhrObj, textStatus, err) {
  // ...
})

jsPromise.then(function(response) {
  // ...
}, function(xhrObj) {
  // ...
})

function get(url) {
  // Return a new promise.
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    // Do the usual XHR stuff
    var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
    req.open('GET', url);

    req.onload = function() {
      // This is called even on 404 etc
      // so check the status
      if (req.status == 200) {
        // Resolve the promise with the response text
        resolve(req.response);
      }
      else {
        // Otherwise reject with the status text
        // which will hopefully be a meaningful error
        reject(Error(req.statusText));
      }
    };

    // Handle network errors
    req.onerror = function() {
      reject(Error("Network Error"));
    };

    // Make the request
    req.send();
  });
}

get('story.json').then(function(response) {
  console.log("Success!", response);
}, function(error) {
  console.error("Failed!", error);
})

var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
  resolve(1);
});

promise.then(function(val) {
  console.log(val); // 1
  return val + 2;
}).then(function(val) {
  console.log(val); // 3
})

get('story.json').then(function(response) {
  console.log("Success!", response);
})

get('story.json').then(function(response) {
  return JSON.parse(response);
}).then(function(response) {
  console.log("Yey JSON!", response);
})

get('story.json').then(JSON.parse).then(function(response) {
  console.log("Yey JSON!", response);
})

function getJSON(url) {
  return get(url).then(JSON.parse);
}

getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
  return getJSON(story.chapterUrls[0]);
}).then(function(chapter1) {
  console.log("Got chapter 1!", chapter1);
})

var storyPromise;

function getChapter(i) {
  storyPromise = storyPromise || getJSON('story.json');

  return storyPromise.then(function(story) {
    return getJSON(story.chapterUrls[i]);
  })
}

// and using it is simple:
getChapter(0).then(function(chapter) {
  console.log(chapter);
  return getChapter(1);
}).then(function(chapter) {
  console.log(chapter);
})

get('story.json').then(function(response) {
  console.log("Success!", response);
}, function(error) {
  console.log("Failed!", error);
})

get('story.json').then(function(response) {
  console.log("Success!", response);
}).catch(function(error) {
  console.log("Failed!", error);
})

get('story.json').then(function(response) {
  console.log("Success!", response);
}).then(undefined, function(error) {
  console.log("Failed!", error);
})

asyncThing1().then(function() {
  return asyncThing2();
}).then(function() {
  return asyncThing3();
}).catch(function(err) {
  return asyncRecovery1();
}).then(function() {
  return asyncThing4();
}, function(err) {
  return asyncRecovery2();
}).catch(function(err) {
  console.log("Don't worry about it");
}).then(function() {
  console.log("All done!");
})

var jsonPromise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
  // JSON.parse throws an error if you feed it some
  // invalid JSON, so this implicitly rejects:
  resolve(JSON.parse("This ain't JSON"));
});

jsonPromise.then(function(data) {
  // This never happens:
  console.log("It worked!", data);
}).catch(function(err) {
  // Instead, this happens:
  console.log("It failed!", err);
})

get('/').then(JSON.parse).then(function() {
  // This never happens, '/' is an HTML page, not JSON
  // so JSON.parse throws
  console.log("It worked!", data);
}).catch(function(err) {
  // Instead, this happens:
  console.log("It failed!", err);
})

getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
  return getJSON(story.chapterUrls[0]);
}).then(function(chapter1) {
  addHtmlToPage(chapter1.html);
}).catch(function() {
  addTextToPage("Failed to show chapter");
}).then(function() {
  document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})

try {
  var story = getJSONSync('story.json');
  var chapter1 = getJSONSync(story.chapterUrls[0]);
  addHtmlToPage(chapter1.html);
}
catch (e) {
  addTextToPage("Failed to show chapter");
}
document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none'

function getJSON(url) {
  return get(url).then(JSON.parse).catch(function(err) {
    console.log("getJSON failed for", url, err);
    throw err;
  });
}

try {
  var story = getJSONSync('story.json');
  addHtmlToPage(story.heading);

  story.chapterUrls.forEach(function(chapterUrl) {
    var chapter = getJSONSync(chapterUrl);
    addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
  });

  addTextToPage("All done");
}
catch (err) {
  addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}

document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none'

getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
  addHtmlToPage(story.heading);

  // TODO: for each url in story.chapterUrls, fetch & display
}).then(function() {
  // And we're all done!
  addTextToPage("All done");
}).catch(function(err) {
  // Catch any error that happened along the way
  addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}).then(function() {
  // Always hide the spinner
  document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})

story.chapterUrls.forEach(function(chapterUrl) {
  // Fetch chapter
  getJSON(chapterUrl).then(function(chapter) {
    // and add it to the page
    addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
  });
})

// Start off with a promise that always resolves
var sequence = Promise.resolve();

// Loop through our chapter urls
story.chapterUrls.forEach(function(chapterUrl) {
  // Add these actions to the end of the sequence
  sequence = sequence.then(function() {
    return getJSON(chapterUrl);
  }).then(function(chapter) {
    addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
  });
})

// Loop through our chapter urls
story.chapterUrls.reduce(function(sequence, chapterUrl) {
  // Add these actions to the end of the sequence
  return sequence.then(function() {
    return getJSON(chapterUrl);
  }).then(function(chapter) {
    addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
  });
}, Promise.resolve())

getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
  addHtmlToPage(story.heading);

  return story.chapterUrls.reduce(function(sequence, chapterUrl) {
    // Once the last chapter's promise is done…
    return sequence.then(function() {
      // …fetch the next chapter
      return getJSON(chapterUrl);
    }).then(function(chapter) {
      // and add it to the page
      addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
    });
  }, Promise.resolve());
}).then(function() {
  // And we're all done!
  addTextToPage("All done");
}).catch(function(err) {
  // Catch any error that happened along the way
  addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}).then(function() {
  // Always hide the spinner
  document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})

Promise.all(arrayOfPromises).then(function(arrayOfResults) {
  //...
})

getJSON('story.json').then(function(story) {
  addHtmlToPage(story.heading);

  // Take an array of promises and wait on them all
  return Promise.all(
    // Map our array of chapter urls to
    // an array of chapter json promises
    story.chapterUrls.map(getJSON)
  );
}).then(function(chapters) {
  // Now we have the chapters jsons in order! Loop through…
  chapters.forEach(function(chapter) {
    // …and add to the page
    addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
  });
  addTextToPage("All done");
}).catch(function(err) {
  // catch any error that happened so far
  addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}).then(function() {
  document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})

getJSON('story.json')
.then(function(story) {
  addHtmlToPage(story.heading);

  // Map our array of chapter urls to
  // an array of chapter json promises.
  // This makes sure they all download in parallel.
  return story.chapterUrls.map(getJSON)
    .reduce(function(sequence, chapterPromise) {
      // Use reduce to chain the promises together,
      // adding content to the page for each chapter
      return sequence
      .then(function() {
        // Wait for everything in the sequence so far,
        // then wait for this chapter to arrive.
        return chapterPromise;
      }).then(function(chapter) {
        addHtmlToPage(chapter.html);
      });
    }, Promise.resolve());
}).then(function() {
  addTextToPage("All done");
}).catch(function(err) {
  // catch any error that happened along the way
  addTextToPage("Argh, broken: " + err.message);
}).then(function() {
  document.querySelector('.spinner').style.display = 'none';
})