案例研究 - 采用 Web Audio 的 HTML5 游戏

function AudioManager() {
  // map for loaded sounds
  this.sounds = {};

  // create our permanent nodes
  this.nodes = {
    destination: this.audioContext.destination,
    masterGain: this.audioContext.createGain(),

    backgroundMusicGain: this.audioContext.createGain(),

    coreEffectsGain: this.audioContext.createGain(),
    effectsGain: this.audioContext.createGain(),
    pausedEffectsGain: this.audioContext.createGain()
  };

  // and setup the graph
  this.nodes.masterGain.connect( this.nodes.destination );

  this.nodes.backgroundMusicGain.connect( this.nodes.masterGain );

  this.nodes.coreEffectsGain.connect( this.nodes.masterGain );
  this.nodes.effectsGain.connect( this.nodes.coreEffectsGain );
  this.nodes.pausedEffectsGain.connect( this.nodes.coreEffectsGain );
}

function setArbitraryVolume() {
  var musicGainNode = this.nodes.backgroundMusicGain;

  // set music volume to 50%
  musicGainNode.gain.value = 0.5;
}

function arbitraryCrossfade( track1, track2 ) {
  track1.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime( 0, 1 );
  track2.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime( 1, 1 );
}

AudioManager.prototype.pauseEffects = function() {
  this.nodes.effectsGain.disconnect();
}

AudioManager.prototype.resumeEffects = function() {
  this.nodes.effectsGain.connect( this.nodes.coreEffectsGain );
}

AudioManager.prototype.pauseEffects = function() {
  this.nodes.effectsGain.disconnect();

  var now = Date.now();
  for ( var name in this.sounds ) {
    var sound = this.sounds[ name ];

    if ( !sound.ignorePause && ( now - sound.source.noteOnAt < sound.buffer.duration * 1000 ) ) {
      sound.pausedAt = now - sound.source.noteOnAt;
      sound.source.noteOff();
    }
  }
}

AudioManager.prototype.resumeEffects = function() {
  this.nodes.effectsGain.connect( this.nodes.coreEffectsGain );

  var now = Date.now();
  for ( var name in this.sounds ) {
    if ( sound.pausedAt ) {
      this.play( sound.name );
      delete sound.pausedAt;
    }
  }
};

function AudioManager() {
  // map and node setup
  // ...

  // disable all sound when on other tabs
  var self = this;
  window.addEventListener( 'webkitvisibilitychange', function( e ) {
    if ( document.webkitHidden ) {
      self.nodes.masterGain.disconnect();

      // As noted in Pausing Sounds disconnecting isn't enough.
      // For Fieldrunners calling our new pauseEffects method would be
      // enough to accomplish that, though we may still need some logic
      // to not resume if already paused.
      self.pauseEffects();
    } else {
      self.nodes.masterGain.connect( this.nodes.destination );
      self.resumeEffects();
    }
  });
}

AudioManager.prototype.play = function( options ) {
  var now = Date.now(),
    // pull from a map of loaded audio buffers
    sound = this.sounds[ options.name ],
    channel,
    source,
    resumeSource;

  if ( !sound ) {
    return;
  }

  if ( sound.source ) {
    var source = sound.source;
    if ( !options.loop && now - source.noteOnAt > sound.buffer.duration * 1000 ) {
      // discard the previous source node
      source.stop( 0 );
      source.disconnect();
    } else {
      return;
    }
  }

  source = this.audioContext.createBufferSource();
  sound.source = source;
  // track when the source is started to know if it should still be playing
  source.noteOnAt = now;

  // help with pausing
  sound.ignorePause = !!options.ignorePause;

  if ( options.ignorePause ) {
    channel = this.nodes.pausedEffectsGain;
  } else {
    channel = this.nodes.effectsGain;
  }

  source.buffer = sound.buffer;
  source.connect( channel );
  source.loop = options.loop || false;

  // Fieldrunners' current code doesn't consider sound.pausedAt.
  // This is an added section to assist the new pausing code.
  if ( sound.pausedAt ) {
    source.start( ( sound.buffer.duration * 1000 - sound.pausedAt ) / 1000 );
    source.noteOnAt = now + sound.buffer.duration * 1000 - sound.pausedAt;

    // if you needed to precisely stop sounds, you'd want to store this
    resumeSource = this.audioContext.createBufferSource();
    resumeSource.buffer = sound.buffer;
    resumeSource.connect( channel );
    resumeSource.start(
      0,
      sound.pausedAt,
      sound.buffer.duration - sound.pausedAt / 1000
    );
  } else {
    // start play immediately with a value of 0 or less
    source.start( 0 );
  }
}

AudioManager.prototype.load = function( options ) {
  var xhr,
      // pull from a map of name, object pairs
      sound = this.sounds[ options.name ];

  if ( sound ) {
    // this is a great spot to add success methods to a list or use promises
    // for handling the load event or call success if already loaded
    if ( sound.buffer && options.success ) {
      options.success( options.name );
    } else if ( options.success ) {
      sound.success.push( options.success );
    }

    // one buffer is enough so shortcut here
    return;
  }

  sound = {
    name: options.name,
    buffer: null,
    source: null,
    success: ( options.success ? [ options.success ] : [] )
  };
  this.sounds[ options.name ] = sound;

  xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xhr.open( 'GET', options.path, true );
  xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
  xhr.onload = function( e ) {
    sound.buffer = self._context.createBuffer( xhr.response, false );

    // call all waiting handlers
    sound.success.forEach( function( success ) {
      success( sound.name );
    });
    delete sound.success;
  };
  xhr.onerror = function( e ) {

    // failures are uncommon but you want to do deal with them

  };
  xhr.send();
}