应用快捷方式可帮助用户快速启动 Web 应用中的常用或推荐任务。从显示应用图标的任何位置轻松访问这些任务,有助于提高用户的工作效率,并提升他们与 Web 应用的互动度。
现代方法
在 Web 应用清单中定义应用快捷方式
如需调用应用快捷方式菜单,请在用户桌面上的任务栏 (Windows) 或底栏 (macOS) 中右键点击应用图标,或在 Android 设备上轻触并按住应用的启动器图标。
系统仅针对已安装的渐进式 Web 应用显示应用快捷方式菜单。如需了解可安装性要求,请参阅了解 PWA 模块中的安装部分。
每个应用快捷方式都表示一个用户 intent,每个 intent 都与 Web 应用范围内的网址相关联。当用户激活应用快捷方式时,系统会打开该网址。
您可以选择在网络应用清单的 shortcuts
数组成员中声明应用快捷方式。以下是一个可能的网络应用清单示例。
{
"name": "Player FM",
"start_url": "https://player.fm?utm_source=homescreen",
"shortcuts": [
{
"name": "Open Play Later",
"short_name": "Play Later",
"description": "View the list of podcasts you saved for later",
"url": "/play-later?utm_source=homescreen",
"icons": [{ "src": "/icons/play-later.png", "sizes": "192x192" }]
},
{
"name": "View Subscriptions",
"short_name": "Subscriptions",
"description": "View the list of podcasts you listen to",
"url": "/subscriptions?utm_source=homescreen",
"icons": [{ "src": "/icons/subscriptions.png", "sizes": "192x192" }]
}
]
}
经典方式
允许用户将链接拖动到书签栏中
如果用户尚未安装该应用,您可以建议用户从您的网页中拖动一些链接,并将其放置在浏览器的书签栏中。这样,用户就可以在您的 Web 应用中快速启动常用或推荐的任务。
深入阅读
演示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="color-scheme" content="dark light" />
<link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json" />
<title>How to create app shortcuts</title>
<!-- TODO: Devsite - Removed inline handlers -->
<!-- <script>
if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
window.addEventListener('load', () => {
navigator.serviceWorker.register('sw.js');
});
}
</script>
<script type="module" src="script.js"></script> -->
</head>
<body>
<h1>How to create app shortcuts</h1>
<ol>
<li>
You can drag these <a href="blue.html">blue page</a> or
<a href="red.html">red page</a> links to the bookmarks bar
and access them later.
</li>
<li>
Install the app by clicking the button below. After the installation,
the button is disabled.
<p>
<button disabled type="button">Install</button>
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
// The install button.
const installButton = document.querySelector('button');
// Only relevant for browsers that support installation.
if ('BeforeInstallPromptEvent' in window) {
// Variable to stash the `BeforeInstallPromptEvent`.
let installEvent = null;
// Function that will be run when the app is installed.
const onInstall = () => {
// Disable the install button.
installButton.disabled = true;
// No longer needed.
installEvent = null;
};
window.addEventListener('beforeinstallprompt', (event) => {
// Do not show the install prompt quite yet.
event.preventDefault();
// Stash the `BeforeInstallPromptEvent` for later.
installEvent = event;
// Enable the install button.
installButton.disabled = false;
});
installButton.addEventListener('click', async () => {
// If there is no stashed `BeforeInstallPromptEvent`, return.
if (!installEvent) {
return;
}
// Use the stashed `BeforeInstallPromptEvent` to prompt the user.
installEvent.prompt();
const result = await installEvent.userChoice;
// If the user installs the app, run `onInstall()`.
if (result.outcome === 'accepted') {
onInstall();
}
});
// The user can decide to ignore the install button
// and just use the browser prompt directly. In this case
// likewise run `onInstall()`.
window.addEventListener('appinstalled', () => {
onInstall();
});
}