การเปลี่ยนรูปแบบ WebGL

  // First lets make some variables 
  // to hold the translation of the rectangle
  var translation = [0, 0];
  // then let's make a function to
  // re-draw everything. We can call this
  // function after we update the translation.
  // Draw the scene.
  function drawScene() {
     // Clear the canvas.
    gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    // Setup a rectangle
    setRectangle(gl, translation[0], translation[1], width, height);

    // Draw the rectangle.
    gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
  }

// Fill the buffer with the values that define a letter 'F'.
function setGeometry(gl, x, y) {
  var width = 100;
  var height = 150;
  var thickness = 30;
  gl.bufferData(
      gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
      new Float32Array([
          // left column
          x, y,
          x + thickness, y,
          x, y + height,
          x, y + height,
          x + thickness, y,
          x + thickness, y + height,

          // top rung
          x + thickness, y,
          x + width, y,
          x + thickness, y + thickness,
          x + thickness, y + thickness,
          x + width, y,
          x + width, y + thickness,

          // middle rung
          x + thickness, y + thickness * 2,
          x + width * 2 / 3, y + thickness * 2,
          x + thickness, y + thickness * 3,
          x + thickness, y + thickness * 3,
          x + width * 2 / 3, y + thickness * 2,
          x + width * 2 / 3, y + thickness * 3]),
      gl.STATIC_DRAW);
}

<script id="2d-vertex-shader" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
attribute vec2 a_position;

uniform vec2 u_resolution;
uniform vec2 u_translation;

void main() {
   // Add in the translation.
   vec2 position = a_position + u_translation;

   // convert the rectangle from pixels to 0.0 to 1.0
   vec2 zeroToOne = position / u_resolution;
   ...

// Fill the buffer with the values that define a letter 'F'.
function setGeometry(gl) {
  gl.bufferData(
      gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
      new Float32Array([
          // left column
          0, 0,
          30, 0,
          0, 150,
          0, 150,
          30, 0,
          30, 150,

          // top rung
          30, 0,
          100, 0,
          30, 30,
          30, 30,
          100, 0,
          100, 30,

          // middle rung
          30, 60,
          67, 60,
          30, 90,
          30, 90,
          67, 60,
          67, 90]),
      gl.STATIC_DRAW);
}

  ...
  var translationLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(
             program, "u_translation");
  ...
  // Set Geometry.
  setGeometry(gl);
  ..
  // Draw scene.
  function drawScene() {
    // Clear the canvas.
    gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Set the translation.
    gl.uniform2fv(translationLocation, translation);

    // Draw the rectangle.
    gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 18);
  }

<script id="2d-vertex-shader" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
attribute vec2 a_position;

uniform vec2 u_resolution;
uniform vec2 u_translation;
uniform vec2 u_rotation;

void main() {
  // Rotate the position
  vec2 rotatedPosition = vec2(
     a_position.x * u_rotation.y + a_position.y * u_rotation.x,
     a_position.y * u_rotation.y - a_position.x * u_rotation.x);

  // Add in the translation.
  vec2 position = rotatedPosition + u_translation;

  ...
  var rotationLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_rotation");
  ...
  var rotation = [0, 1];
  ..
  // Draw the scene.
  function drawScene() {
    // Clear the canvas.
    gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Set the translation.
    gl.uniform2fv(translationLocation, translation);

    // Set the rotation.
    gl.uniform2fv(rotationLocation, rotation);

    // Draw the rectangle.
    gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 18);
  }

rotatedX = a_position.x * u_rotation.y + a_position.y * u_rotation.x;
rotatedY = a_position.y * u_rotation.y - a_position.x * u_rotation.x;

3.0 * 0.87 + 9.0 * 0.50 = 7.1
9.0 * 0.87 - 3.0 * 0.50 = 6.3

3.0 * 0.50 + 9.0 * 0.87 = 9.3
9.0 * 0.50 - 3.0 * 0.87 = 1.9

function printSineAndCosineForAnAngle(angleInDegrees) {
  var angleInRadians = angleInDegrees * Math.PI / 180;
  var s = Math.sin(angleInRadians);
  var c = Math.cos(angleInRadians);
  console.log("s = " + s + " c = " + c);
}

  ...
  var angleInRadians = angleInDegrees * Math.PI / 180;
  rotation[0] = Math.sin(angleInRadians);
  rotation[1] = Math.cos(angleInRadians);

<script id="2d-vertex-shader" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
attribute vec2 a_position;

uniform vec2 u_resolution;
uniform vec2 u_translation;
uniform vec2 u_rotation;
uniform vec2 u_scale;

void main() {
  // Scale the positon
  vec2 scaledPosition = a_position * u_scale;

  // Rotate the position
  vec2 rotatedPosition = vec2(
     scaledPosition.x * u_rotation.y +
        scaledPosition.y * u_rotation.x,
     scaledPosition.y * u_rotation.y -
        scaledPosition.x * u_rotation.x);

  // Add in the translation.
  vec2 position = rotatedPosition + u_translation;

  ...
  var scaleLocation = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_scale");
  ...
  var scale = [1, 1];
  ...
  // Draw the scene.
  function drawScene() {
    // Clear the canvas.
    gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Set the translation.
    gl.uniform2fv(translationLocation, translation);

    // Set the rotation.
    gl.uniform2fv(rotationLocation, rotation);

    // Set the scale.
    gl.uniform2fv(scaleLocation, scale);

    // Draw the rectangle.
    gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 18);
  }

newX = x * 1.0 + y * 4.0 + 1 * 7.0

newY = x * 2.0 + y * 5.0 + 1 * 8.0

extra = x * 3.0 + y * 6.0 + 1 * 9.0

newX = x * 1.0 + y * 0.0 + 1 * tx

newY = x * 0.0 + y * 1.0 + 1 * ty

extra = x * 0.0 + y * 0.0 + 1 * 1

newX = x + tx;
newY = y + ty;

s = Math.sin(angleToRotateInRadians);
c = Math.cos(angleToRotateInRadians);

newX = x * c + y * s + 1 * 0

newY = x * -s + y * c + 1 * 0

extra = x * 0.0 + y * 0.0 + 1 * 1

newX = x *  c + y * s;
newY = x * -s + y * c;

newX = x * sx + y * 0 + 1 * 0

newY = x * 0 + y * sy + 1 * 0

extra = x * 0.0 + y * 0.0 + 1 * 1

newX = x * sx;
newY = y * sy;

function makeTranslation(tx, ty) {
  return [
    1, 0, 0,
    0, 1, 0,
    tx, ty, 1
  ];
}

function makeRotation(angleInRadians) {
  var c = Math.cos(angleInRadians);
  var s = Math.sin(angleInRadians);
  return [
    c,-s, 0,
    s, c, 0,
    0, 0, 1
  ];
}

function makeScale(sx, sy) {
  return [
    sx, 0, 0,
    0, sy, 0,
    0, 0, 1
  ];
}

<script id="2d-vertex-shader" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
attribute vec2 a_position;

uniform vec2 u_resolution;
uniform vec2 u_translation;
uniform vec2 u_rotation;
uniform vec2 u_scale;

void main() {
  // Scale the positon
  vec2 scaledPosition = a_position * u_scale;

  // Rotate the position
  vec2 rotatedPosition = vec2(
     scaledPosition.x * u_rotation.y + scaledPosition.y * u_rotation.x,
     scaledPosition.y * u_rotation.y - scaledPosition.x * u_rotation.x);

  // Add in the translation.
  vec2 position = rotatedPosition + u_translation;
  ...

<script id="2d-vertex-shader" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
attribute vec2 a_position;

uniform vec2 u_resolution;
uniform mat3 u_matrix;

void main() {
  // Multiply the position by the matrix.
  vec2 position = (u_matrix * vec3(a_position, 1)).xy;
  ...

  // Draw the scene.
  function drawScene() {
    // Clear the canvas.
    gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Compute the matrices
    var translationMatrix =
       makeTranslation(translation[0], translation[1]);
    var rotationMatrix = makeRotation(angleInRadians);
    var scaleMatrix = makeScale(scale[0], scale[1]);

    // Multiply the matrices.
    var matrix = matrixMultiply(scaleMatrix, rotationMatrix);
    matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, translationMatrix);

    // Set the matrix.
    gl.uniformMatrix3fv(matrixLocation, false, matrix);

    // Draw the rectangle.
    gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 18);
  }

    ...
    // Multiply the matrices.
    var matrix = matrixMultiply(translationMatrix, rotationMatrix);
    matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, scaleMatrix);
    ...

  // Draw the scene.
  function drawScene() {
    // Clear the canvas.
    gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Compute the matrices
    var translationMatrix = makeTranslation(translation[0], translation[1]);
    var rotationMatrix = makeRotation(angleInRadians);
    var scaleMatrix = makeScale(scale[0], scale[1]);

    // Starting Matrix.
    var matrix = makeIdentity();

    for (var i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
      // Multiply the matrices.
      matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, scaleMatrix);
      matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, rotationMatrix);
      matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, translationMatrix);

      // Set the matrix.
      gl.uniformMatrix3fv(matrixLocation, false, matrix);

      // Draw the geometry.
      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 18);
    }
  }

X * 1 = X

matrixX * identity = matrixX

function makeIdentity() {
  return [
    1, 0, 0,
    0, 1, 0,
    0, 0, 1
  ];
}

    // make a matrix that will move the origin of the 'F' to
    // its center.
    var moveOriginMatrix = makeTranslation(-50, -75);
    ...

    // Multiply the matrices.
    var matrix = matrixMultiply(moveOriginMatrix, scaleMatrix);
    matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, rotationMatrix);
    matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, translationMatrix);

  ...
  // convert the rectangle from pixels to 0.0 to 1.0
  vec2 zeroToOne = position / u_resolution;

  // convert from 0->1 to 0->2
  vec2 zeroToTwo = zeroToOne * 2.0;

  // convert from 0->2 to -1->+1 (clipspace)
  vec2 clipSpace = zeroToTwo - 1.0;

  gl_Position = vec4(clipSpace * vec2(1, -1), 0, 1);

function make2DProjection(width, height) {
  // Note: This matrix flips the Y axis so that 0 is at the top.
  return [
    2 / width, 0, 0,
    0, -2 / height, 0,
    -1, 1, 1
  ];
}

<script id="2d-vertex-shader" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
attribute vec2 a_position;

uniform mat3 u_matrix;

void main() {
  // Multiply the position by the matrix.
  gl_Position = vec4((u_matrix * vec3(a_position, 1)).xy, 0, 1);
}
</script>

  // Draw the scene.
  function drawScene() {
    ...
    // Compute the matrices
    var projectionMatrix =
       make2DProjection(canvas.width, canvas.height);
    ...

    // Multiply the matrices.
    var matrix = matrixMultiply(scaleMatrix, rotationMatrix);
    matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, translationMatrix);
    matrix = matrixMultiply(matrix, projectionMatrix);
    ...
  }